Classify each element in Conceptual Problem 1 ( Section 1. The most reactive metal on the periodic table is francium.Other important groupings of elements in the periodic table are the main group elements, the transition metals, the lanthanides, and the actinides. Metals are lustrous, good conductors of electricity, and readily shaped (they are ductile and malleable), whereas solid nonmetals are generally brittle and poor electrical conductors. They are separated by a diagonal band of semimetals. Question: How are other trends on the periodic table related to metal reactivity a) Metal reactivity increases with electronegativity b) Metal reactivity decreases with ionization energy c) Metal reactivity decreases with electronegativity d) Metal reactivity increases with ionization energy. Metals are located on the left of the periodic table, and nonmetals are located on the upper right. Semimetals exhibit properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. Metal reactivity relates to ability to lose electrons (oxidize), form basic hydroxides, form ionic compounds with non-metals. The elements can be broadly divided into metals, nonmetals, and semimetals. Four major factors affect reactivity of metals: nuclear charge, atomic radius, shielding effect and sublevel arrangement (of electrons). Some of the groups have widely used common names, including the alkali metals (group 1) and the alkaline earth metals (group 2) on the far left, and the halogens (group 17) and the noble gases (group 18) on the far right. Elements that exhibit similar chemistry appear in vertical columns called groups (numbered 1–18 from left to right) the seven horizontal rows are called periods. The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number. As expected, semimetals exhibit properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Most solid nonmetals are brittle, so they break into small pieces when hit with a hammer or pulled into a wire. Nonmetals can be gases (such as chlorine), liquids (such as bromine), or solids (such as iodine) at room temperature and pressure. Group 3-12: Transition and Inner transition metals group. Group 1: Alkali metals group (hydrogen not included) Group 2: Alkaline earth metals group. Nonmetals, in contrast, are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity and are not lustrous. There are total 18 different groups in Periodic table. Of the metals, only mercury is a liquid at room temperature and pressure all the rest are solids. The vast majority of the known elements are metals. Metals-such as copper or gold-are good conductors of electricity and heat they can be pulled into wires because they are ductile they can be hammered or pressed into thin sheets or foils because they are malleable and most have a shiny appearance, so they are lustrous. The distinction between metals and nonmetals is one of the most fundamental in chemistry. As you might expect, elements colored in gold that lie along the diagonal line exhibit properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals they are called semimetals. The heavy orange zigzag line running diagonally from the upper left to the lower right through groups 13–16 in divides the elements into metals (in blue, below and to the left of the line) and nonmetals (in bronze, above and to the right of the line). The semimetals lie along a diagonal line separating the metals and nonmetals. The metals are on the bottom left in the periodic table, and the nonmetals are at the top right. Learners may have experience of investigating the relative reactivity of some metals at 1114 using a simplified method, such as counting bubbles in a test tube. They should know the definition of an element and be able to identify metals and non-metals using the periodic table. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and calcium is the fifth.\) The Periodic Table Showing the Elements in Order of Increasing Z Learners should be familiar with the periodic table of elements. Calcium is found in chalk, limestone, gypsum and anhydrite. The main minerals in which magnesium is found are carnellite, magnesite and dolomite. Instead, they are widely distributed in rock structures. These elements are all found in the Earth’s crust, but not in the elemental form as they are so reactive.
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